Vortex Nozzles – Precision Atomization for High-Efficiency Flue Gas Desulfurization
Within flue gas desulfurization systems, alongside durable spiral nozzles, vortex nozzles represent another essential category of atomization components. Their unique internal structure delivers finer atomization and superior mass transfer efficiency, playing an irreplaceable role in specific process stages.
Working Principle & Design Features
A vortex nozzle typically consists of a nozzle body, a vortex chamber (or swirl insert), and an orifice disc. Pressurized liquid enters the nozzle and is directed by the vortex chamber, generating high-speed rotational motion and intense centrifugal force. As the liquid exits through the precision-machined orifice, it instantly disperses into extremely fine droplets, creating a highly effective hollow cone spray with excellent atomization.
Key Features
- Fine & Uniform Droplet Size: Produces small average droplet sizes with a large surface area, significantly increasing contact with the flue gas.
- High Mass Transfer Efficiency: The fine droplets facilitate rapid chemical reactions (e.g., SO₂ absorption), improving desulfurization efficiency.
- Compact Design & Wide Flow Range: Flow rate and spray angle can be adjusted over a wide range by changing the vortex insert and orifice disc with different bore sizes.
Detailed Technical Specifications
The following table outlines technical parameters for selected vortex nozzle sizes, highlighting their flow characteristics at low pressure:
| Inlet Connection Size |
Rated Inlet Bore (mm) |
Rated Outlet Bore (mm) |
Flow Rate @ 0.3 bar (L/min) |
| 6分 (3/4" NPT*) |
20 |
20 |
18 |
| 1 Inch |
25 |
25 / 27 |
66 / 106 |
| 1-1/4 Inch |
32 |
30 |
131 / 156 |
| 1-1/2 Inch |
40 |
31 / 38 |
172 / 198 |
| 2 Inch |
50 |
38 / 45 |
240 / 312 |
| 2-1/2 Inch |
65 |
45 / 50 |
332 / 349 |
| 3 Inch |
80 |
55 |
424 / 514 |
| 4 Inch |
100 |
60 / 70 |
657 / 704 |
*Note: "6分" is commonly equivalent to 3/4" NPT. Different outlet bores correspond to different flow rates, allowing for precise selection based on actual process requirements (e.g., liquid-to-gas ratio).
Comparison with Spiral Nozzles & Application Focus
Wear Resistance: Vortex nozzles can also be manufactured from wear-resistant materials like silicon carbide. However, their internal precision components (e.g., swirl inserts) may result in a slightly lower absolute lifespan compared to the simpler spiral nozzle design under extreme slurry abrasion. Therefore, material selection (e.g., high-purity alumina or silicon carbide) is critical.
Application Focus
- Spiral Nozzles: Primarily used in slurry spray levels, handling highly abrasive limestone/gypsum slurries with high solids content. They emphasize clog resistance and extreme wear durability.
- Vortex Nozzles: Often employed for process water spray, mist eliminator washing, or in absorption stages requiring extremely fine atomization. Their superior atomization enhances absorption efficiency, reduces water consumption, and ensures uniform washing coverage.
Primary Application Scenarios
- Mist Eliminator Washing Systems in Wet Scrubbers: Provides even, fine water spray for effective cleaning of demister blades, preventing scaling and blockage.
- Flue Gas Quenching & Conditioning: Cools high-temperature flue gas rapidly before it enters a scrubber or baghouse.
- Precision Chemical Absorption Stages: Delivers optimal atomization for processes requiring maximum gas-liquid contact efficiency.
- Other Industrial Scrubbing & Waste Gas Treatment Applications.
The vortex nozzle is the ideal choice for applications demanding high-quality atomization and superior mass transfer efficiency. Through precise selection and high-quality manufacturing, it can significantly enhance the overall performance and cost-effectiveness of flue gas purification systems. Together with spiral nozzles, they form a complementary, reliable foundation for efficient environmental protection equipment.
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